Understanding.
An ingrown toenail often affects the big toe. It causes pain at the edge of the nail, redness, and sometimes an inflamed granulation tissue or discharge.
The assessment.
The diagnosis is clinical. The examination looks for infection and factors that promote recurrence. Particular vigilance is necessary in cases of diabetes or circulatory disorders.
Treatments.
Local and podiatric care may be sufficient initially. In recurrent cases, partial nail removal combined with treatment of the corresponding nail matrix may be offered under local anesthesia. Antibiotics do not replace treatment of the underlying cause.
Follow-up.
Dressing care and footwear are adapted until healing is complete. Avoid cutting into the corners of the toenail yourself.
Treating the Affected Edge
When care alone is insufficient or episodes recur, surgery may remove the offending edge and treat its regrowth area, called the matrix. The method is chosen according to the nail, the skin, and the infectious context.
Care and Return to Footwear
Dressings protect the wound until it heals. Wide-fitting shoes prevent pressure. Regrowth of the edge, prolonged healing, or infection remain possible. The instructions given after the procedure take precedence over usual home care.
Your questions.
When should I consult a doctor quickly?+
In case of pus, spreading redness, fever, or risk factors such as diabetes.
Should I remove the entire nail?+
Not always: treatment limited to the affected area may be offered.
How to prevent recurrences?+
Avoid shoes that compress the toes and those with cuts that are too short or too deep at the corners. If you have diabetes or a circulatory problem, seek professional advice.